ACE inhibitors primarily work by inhibiting what enzyme?

ACE inhibitors primarily function by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays a critical role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). This enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I, an inactive precursor, into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors reduce the production of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and a reduction in the workload on the heart. This mechanism is particularly beneficial for patients with hypertension or heart failure, as it helps to improve heart function and protect the kidneys.

While renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone are all components of the same system, ACE inhibitors specifically target the conversion process mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Renin is an enzyme that initiates the RAAS process, and angiotensin refers to the peptide forms involved, while aldosterone is a hormone released in response to angiotensin II but is not directly inhibited by ACE inhibitors. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for comprehending how ACE inhibitors therapeutically manage cardiovascular conditions.