At what developmental stage do children realize they can make their own decisions according to Erikson's theory?

In Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the developmental stage where children begin to recognize their ability to make choices is Early Childhood, which spans ages 1 to 3 years. During this stage, referred to as the "autonomy vs. shame and doubt" phase, children start to assert their independence. They learn to make simple decisions and exercise control over their environment, which can include choices related to activities, personal care, and interactions with others.

The sense of autonomy fosters self-esteem and confidence, while failure to achieve this can lead to feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities. This foundational understanding of their own agency marks a critical period in their development, setting the stage for more complex decision-making as they grow older.

The other stages mentioned do not focus specifically on the realization of decision-making abilities in the same way. Infancy is characterized by dependency on caregivers, preschool age involves social interactions rather than individual decision-making autonomy, and adolescence encompasses a broader range of identity and personal choices, which are built upon the foundational experiences of earlier stages.