Common symptoms of chronic renal failure may include:

Chronic renal failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD), often leads to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body due to the kidneys' diminished ability to filter and excrete waste. One of the common symptoms associated with this condition is swelling of the feet and ankles, medically referred to as peripheral edema. This occurs as a result of fluid retention when the kidneys are unable to manage body fluids effectively.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the usual manifestations of chronic renal failure. For instance, decreased muscle strength and increased cognition are not typical symptoms; instead, patients may experience fatigue and cognitive changes due to toxin buildup. Severe vomiting and frequent urination can occur, but they are more often associated with acute renal failure or dehydration rather than chronic forms of the disease. Intense back pain and muscle spasms are not characteristic symptoms of chronic renal failure, though they can relate to other conditions affecting the kidneys or musculoskeletal system. Thus, swelling of feet and ankles is the most representative symptom of chronic renal failure.