Coronary artery disease is characterized by:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily characterized by the build-up of plaque in the coronary arteries. This plaque is composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, and other cellular debris that accumulate over time, leading to the narrowing or blocking of these vital arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. As the arteries become narrowed, this restricts blood flow and can cause symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or even lead to more severe conditions like heart attacks due to insufficient oxygen supply to the heart.

The development of plaque in the coronary arteries is a key factor in the progression of CAD and is often influenced by risk factors such as high cholesterol levels, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Understanding this process is essential for recognizing the underlying mechanisms of CAD and for implementing preventive and therapeutic measures.