How does high cortisol impact the body in Cushing's disease?

High cortisol levels in Cushing's disease have significant physiological effects on the body, primarily due to the hormone's role in regulating stress responses, metabolism, and fluid balance. When cortisol is excessively produced, it can lead to a range of symptoms, including:

• Hyperpigmentation: Elevated cortisol can influence the production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), leading to increased melanin production and resulting in darker patches of skin, especially if there are concurrent issues like adrenal insufficiency.

• Hypertension: Cortisol has effects on salt and water retention, primarily through mechanisms involving the kidney. High cortisol levels can lead to increased reabsorption of sodium and water, resulting in higher blood pressure. This condition, known as hypertension, is a common characteristic of Cushing's disease.

These effects highlight the multifaceted nature of cortisol's influence on various systems in the body in the context of Cushing's disease. The interplay between increased cortisol levels and these physiological changes is crucial for understanding the overall impact of the disease on health and how it can lead to serious complications if left untreated.