How does metformin affect the liver's production of sugar?

Metformin is an oral medication primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes by improving the body's sensitivity to insulin and reducing glucose production in the liver. The liver is a crucial organ in glucose metabolism, where it produces and releases glucose into the bloodstream.

Metformin's primary mechanism involves decreasing hepatic glucose production, particularly by inhibiting gluconeogenesis, which is the process by which the liver generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This reduction in sugar production helps to lower blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. By decreasing the amount of sugar produced by the liver, metformin contributes to better overall glycemic control and helps to prevent hyperglycemia.

In contrast, other options do not accurately reflect the pharmacological action of metformin concerning liver function. Therefore, the understanding of metformin’s action emphasizes its role in decreasing liver glucose production, which is critical for managing blood sugar levels effectively in diabetic patients.