How is HIV primarily spread?

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is primarily transmitted through bodily fluids, particularly during sexual contact. This includes fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. Engaging in unprotected sexual activities with an infected partner can facilitate the transfer of the virus, as it often enters the body through mucous membranes found in the genital area or through open cuts and sores.

Understanding the modes of transmission is crucial for prevention. For example, the other options imply modes of spread that do not apply to HIV. Casual contact does not transmit the virus, which means you cannot contract HIV from hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils. Airborne transmission is also characteristic of diseases like the flu or COVID-19, where pathogens spread through respiratory droplets, but HIV does not function this way. Additionally, while contamination on surfaces can spread some infections, HIV does not survive long outside the human body, making transmission through contaminated surfaces highly unlikely.

Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the importance of understanding personal risk factors and safe practices in sexual health to mitigate the spread of HIV effectively.