What are common signs and symptoms of liver failure?

The presence of ascites, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and hypertension are well-established signs and symptoms of liver failure.

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity due to increased pressure in the hepatic veins and fluid overload. Jaundice is characterized by a yellowing of the skin and eyes, which occurs due to the liver's inability to process bilirubin effectively. Hepatomegaly, or an enlarged liver, often accompanies liver failure as the liver becomes inflamed or congested. Hypertension, particularly portal hypertension, arises when blood flow to the liver is hindered, leading to increased pressure in the portal vein.

These symptoms reflect the liver's critical role in metabolism, detoxification, and synthesizing proteins, which when impaired, result in significant physiological changes observable in the patient. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of liver failure.