What common effect do opioid medications have on bowel function?

Opioid medications are known to have a significant impact on bowel function, predominantly causing decreased motility. This reduction in motility occurs because opioids bind to specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in increased tone and decreased peristalsis. Consequently, food and stool move more slowly through the intestines, leading to increased absorption of water and ultimately resulting in constipation.

Constipation is a common side effect experienced by individuals who are prescribed opioids for pain management, and this effect can lead to various complications if not adequately managed. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients on opioid therapy and implement appropriate strategies to mitigate this side effect, such as dietary modifications, increased fluid intake, and the use of laxatives when necessary.