What condition involves the collapse of alveoli in the lungs?

Atelectasis is the condition characterized by the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, which leads to reduced or absent gas exchange in the affected areas. This collapse can be caused by various factors, such as blockage of air passages due to mucus or foreign objects, pressure from outside the lung, or inadequate surfactant production. Alveoli are the tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs, so when they collapse, it can result in impaired respiratory function.

A health professional should monitor for symptoms of atelectasis, such as shortness of breath, a rapid breathing rate, or decreased oxygen saturation levels. The management of atelectasis may include techniques to re-expand the alveoli, such as deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometry, or, in more severe cases, bronchoscopy to remove obstructions.

Other conditions listed have different pathological mechanisms and do not specifically involve the collapse of alveoli. For example, congestive heart failure (CHF) primarily affects the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs but not the direct collapse of alveoli. Similarly, pulmonary embolism involves a blockage in a pulmonary artery, often due to a blood clot, affecting blood flow and gas exchange;