What condition is characterized by a blood clot in the lungs that prevents blood flow and causes tissue damage?

Pulmonary embolism is a condition where a blood clot, usually originating from the deep veins in the legs, travels to the lungs and obstructs one or more pulmonary arteries. This blockage prevents adequate blood flow in the lungs, leading to a reduction in oxygen levels in the blood and potential tissue damage due to a lack of oxygen perfusion. Symptoms may include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. The condition is critical because it can lead to serious complications, including lung damage, heart failure, or even death if not treated promptly.

Understanding the mechanisms of pulmonary embolism helps highlight its significance in clinical practice, especially in recognizing risk factors and implementing preventive measures for high-risk patients.