What condition is characterized by hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome?

Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a serious metabolic condition primarily seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels, typically exceeding 33.3 mmol/L (600 mg/dL), and is associated with significant dehydration due to osmotic diuresis. This condition arises when the body cannot effectively utilize glucose, resulting in excess glucose in the bloodstream. Consequently, the kidney excretes large amounts of glucose, which drags water with it, leading to increased urine output and subsequent fluid loss.

The main issues in HHNS include high blood sugar and severe dehydration, which in turn can lead to electrolyte imbalances and potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of dehydration, such as dry mucous membranes, thirst, and decreased urine output, along with understanding the implications of elevated blood glucose levels, is critical for effective patient care. Thus, the correct answer accurately describes the key characteristics of the condition.