What condition is characterized by enlarged prostate glands?

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is the condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland. As men age, it is common for this gland to grow larger, which can lead to a variety of urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, a weak urine stream, and frequent urination, especially at night. This benign enlargement occurs due to hormonal changes that happen as men age, specifically involving dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and other factors related to testosterone metabolism.

The other conditions listed, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and adenomyosis, are related to female reproductive health and do not involve the prostate gland, making them irrelevant to the question about enlarged prostate glands. Each of those conditions involves hormonal imbalances or the presence of abnormal tissues in the female reproductive system, further clarifying why they do not fit the description provided in the question.