What happens to CD4 cells during the progression of HIV?

During the progression of HIV, CD4 cells, which are a type of T helper lymphocyte crucial for the immune response, are progressively destroyed by the virus. HIV specifically targets these cells, which are instrumental in orchestrating the immune response to infections. As the virus replicates, it leads to a significant reduction in CD4 cell counts over time. This depletion weakens the immune system, making the individual more susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers, ultimately leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not managed effectively.

The other options reflect misunderstandings about the behavior of CD4 cells in the context of HIV. CD4 cells do not reproduce rapidly; rather, their numbers diminish as the infection progresses. They also do not have an increased regenerative capacity in the presence of HIV, and while they may have periods of inactivity, the predominant effect of the virus is cell death, illustrating the critical role that these cells play in the progression of HIV disease.