What is a significant effect of HIV on the human body?

The significant effect of HIV on the human body is that it attacks and destroys the human immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4 T cells, which are crucial for a well-functioning immune response. By depleting these cells, HIV impairs the body's ability to fight off not only opportunistic infections but also other types of diseases. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes increasingly compromised, leading to a condition known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This vulnerability results in a markedly increased risk of infections and certain cancers, significantly impacting overall health and quality of life. Understanding this destructive nature of HIV is critical for both prevention and management strategies in healthcare.