What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?

The mechanism of action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) involves blocking the breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. MAOIs function by inhibiting the activity of the monoamine oxidase enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. When this breakdown process is inhibited, it results in increased levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, leading to enhanced neurotransmission. This elevation in neurotransmitter levels is particularly beneficial in treating mood disorders such as depression, as it helps to alleviate symptoms associated with low mood and emotional disorders.

The other options don’t accurately describe the primary mechanism of action of MAOIs. For instance, they do not simply inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin, which is more characteristic of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Enhancing dopamine activity can occur indirectly due to the increased availability of dopamine, but it does not detail the direct action of MAOIs. Finally, while MAOIs can have anxiolytic effects due to their overall mood-enhancing capabilities, they are not primarily recognized as agents that reduce anxiety responses. Instead, their main role is in managing mood and depression through neurotransmitter modulation.