What is the primary use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are primarily used to alleviate symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), which is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually in the winter months when there is less natural sunlight. MAOIs work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By preventing this breakdown, MAOIs increase the levels of these neurotransmitters, which can help improve mood and alleviate depressive symptoms associated with SAD.

While other treatment options are available for various disorders, including anxiety disorders, migraine management, and insomnia, MAOIs are specifically recognized for their effectiveness in treating mood-related conditions, such as SAD. Therefore, their primary application lies in addressing the depressive episodes linked with seasonal changes, rather than primarily focusing on anxiety, pain management, or sleep issues.