What potential side effects should be monitored when patients are on K+ channel blockers?

When patients are on K+ channel blockers, monitoring for potential side effects such as dyspnea and bradycardia is crucial. K+ channel blockers are known to affect cardiac rhythm and function; hence, bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, can occur due to the drug's action on the heart's electrical conduction system. This can lead to inadequate blood flow and may manifest as dizziness, lightheadedness, or syncope.

Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can also be a concern with these medications, especially if they impact cardiac output or lead to pulmonary complications. It is important for healthcare providers to closely observe patients for these symptoms to prevent serious complications and ensure that the medication is being well-tolerated.

The other options include side effects that are less directly associated with K+ channel blockers. While dizziness and confusion may arise from various causes, they are not the primary side effects to monitor for with this class of medication specifically. Similarly, increased appetite and fatigue, along with constipation and weight gain, are not commonly linked to the use of K+ channel blockers, making those options less relevant in the context of this specific medication's potential side effects.