Which condition is characterized by episodes of excessive energy or irritability?

Mania is a condition that is characterized by episodes of excessive energy, elevated mood, and increased irritability. During a manic episode, individuals may experience heightened levels of enthusiasm, reduced need for sleep, rapid speech, and impulsivity. This state can significantly impact a person's ability to function, leading to risky behaviors and strained relationships.

While the other conditions listed can affect mood and energy levels, they do not specifically align with the characteristics of mania. Depression typically involves low energy and mood disturbances rather than excessive energy. Anxiety disorders mainly manifest through excessive worry and physical symptoms like restlessness but do not usually include the elevated energy seen in mania. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors, not the energy fluctuations associated with manic episodes. Thus, the description of episodes of excessive energy or irritability aligns uniquely with mania.