Which of the following is a common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a condition characterized by the failure of two or more organ systems that can occur following a severe infection or injury. Sepsis, which is a systemic inflammatory response to infection, is a well-documented and common cause of MODS.

During sepsis, the body's response to an infection can lead to widespread inflammation, hypotension, and impaired blood flow to organs. This systemic reaction can cause cellular dysfunction and ultimately lead to organ failure as the organs become deprived of necessary oxygen and nutrients.

In contrast, while hypertension, diabetes, and hypoglycemia may contribute to various health issues, they are not typically direct causes of MODS. Hypertension often relates to cardiovascular problems but does not directly instigate organ dysfunction in the same way that sepsis does. Diabetes can increase the risk for infections and other complications but does not inherently lead to MODS without the presence of an acute stressor like sepsis. Hypoglycemia can result in temporary dysfunction in some organ systems but does not generally lead to the systemic multi-organ failure seen in MODS.

Thus, sepsis stands out as the primary driver of this serious condition, leading to the cascading effects that result in the failure of multiple organs.