Which of the following symptoms is associated with muscle cramps?

Muscle cramps are often associated with dehydration because when the body loses fluids and electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, muscle function can be adversely affected. Dehydration can lead to an imbalance of these electrolytes, which is critical for proper muscle contraction and function. As a result, the lack of sufficient fluids can cause muscles to cramp due to the inability to maintain normal contractions.

While fluid volume overload, acute renal failure, and urinary tract infection can present with a range of symptoms, they are less directly associated with muscle cramps. Fluid volume overload may lead to swelling and increased blood pressure, but not typically cramps. Acute renal failure can affect electrolyte balance, but it usually presents with other prominent symptoms, and urinary tract infections generally cause pain, burning during urination, or frequent urination and are not linked to muscle cramps as a primary symptom. Understanding the role of hydration and electrolytes in muscle function is crucial for recognizing the cause of muscle cramps.